Overall objectives of the collaborative project

Hauptziel  des  Projektes  ALBERO  ist  die  sichere  Integration  from  alternativ  betriebenen  Fahrzeugen  in  den  Fährverkehr.  Dabei  sollen  unter  alternativ  betriebenen  Fahrzeugen  sowohl Elektrofahrzeuge   als   auch   gasbetriebene   PKW,   LKW   oder   Busse   verstanden   werden.   Im   Projekt   sollen   Maßnahmen   für   einen   sicheren   Transport   dieser   Fahrzeuge   sowie Möglichkeiten  für  ein  Aufladen  from  Elektrofahrzeugen  entwickelt  werden.  Diese  können  nur  im  täglichen  Schiffsbetrieb  umgesetzt  werden,  wenn  sie  allen  Beteiligten  bekannt  sind, das  Personal  entsprechend  darauf  vorbereitet  ist  und  regelmäßig  geschult  und  trainiert  wird.  Der  Qualifizierung  from  maritimem  Personal  hinsichtlich  des  Transportes  from  alternativ betriebenen Fahrzeugen (abF) auf RoRo-Fährschiffen kommt daher ebenso eine zentrale Bedeutung zu.

Results of the Institute for Safety Engineering / Ship Safety e.V.:

Needs assessment

On the basis of a questionnaire developed in the project, the functionalities and application scenarios desired by the various potential users (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Tourism Association, DGzRS, Rostock Port, ...) for the system to be developed were recorded and evaluated in interviews. It turned out that the envisaged person forecast is particularly interesting for tourism companies. There were requests for additional information about the expected flow of people, e.g. in relation to the age of ship passengers.

Use scenarios

In recent years, the media have been showing increasing resentment about the ever-increasing streams of visitors to certain cities and regions around the world. One example is the Italian lagoon city of Venice, which has often been in the media spotlight. But also cities like Amsterdam, Palma de Mallorca or Key West in Florida - USA see themselves increasingly overrun by cruise tourists and fear, among other things, environmental damage. National authorities are therefore increasingly imposing restrictions on the number of tourists. The restrictions on passenger shipping that are currently in force or are expected in the future have been compiled in a clear chart.

In the future, the system developed in the project can help both shipping companies and land-based industries to integrate these rules into route planning in good time. It is also conceivable to establish a booking system for regions with passenger restrictions.

Legal examination of copyright, exploitation and dissemination rights of the data

According to the Ordinance on Conditions of Call, ships calling at the internal waters of the Federal Republic of Germany are obliged to report the total number of persons on board to the competent authorities. The collection of all data subject to reporting is carried out via the National Single Window System, which is used on behalf of the Federal Transport Administration, e.g. by the port offices in the respective municipalities. Data in itself is free of any rights. There is no ownership of data, neither research data, personal data nor geodata. The collected data in itself, e.g. in the joint project the collection of numbers of persons, accordingly does not constitute a work protected by copyright. Only when the collected data is integrated into a database, visualised, processed and / or evaluated, does the data become a work worthy of copyright protection. This fact applies universally to any kind of data, regardless of the effort that the data generation may have required or the intended use. However, if one understands "data" to mean content that contains, for example, images or text that goes beyond mere information, then property rights may exist. This does not apply to the numbers of persons recorded, as this is purely an indication of quantity that can be determined by simple counting.

Despite their general lack of protection under copyright law, the use of data can be subject to restrictions. On the one hand, this applies to personal data, the collection and processing of which is regulated by the Data Protection Ordinance. In addition, data may contain business secrets, the use of which may also be subject to legal restrictions. In the case of project-relevant data, the shipping companies would therefore have to prove which data, if any, are to be classified as trade secrets, so that use can be bound to certain rules. In order not to violate data protection rights, the data used in the project is based exclusively on non-personal data. Anonymised data are not considered personal data! The anonymised collection and processing of information on gender or age is therefore also possible, as long as the data collected does not allow any conclusions to be drawn about a specific person.

Overall objectives of the collaborative project

The aim of the project is the software-based implementation and graphic representation of a real-time-based forecast of maritime traffic for up to 14 days in advance with a probability of approx. 90-70 % (decreasing with requests extending further and further into the future). On a generally accessible online platform (possibly subject to a fee), it should be possible to query the expected shipping traffic at a specific time within the coming days and in a selectable sea area via a user-friendly interface. It should also be possible to limit the information to certain types of ships, e.g. tankers or cruise ships, by means of a filter.

Results of the Institute for Safety Engineering / Ship Safety e.V.:

Verhalten havarierter Li-Ionen-Batterien

Es wurde theoretisch und praktisch untersucht, welche Ursachen zu Schäden an Lithium-Ionen-Batterien führen können und welche Auswirkungen dann zu erwarten sind. Neben einer strukturierten Literaturrecherche wurden auch Real-Brand-Versuche mit Li-Ionen-Fahrzeugakkus durchgeführt und die dabei entstehenden Temperaturen sowie die freigesetzten Gase bestimmt. Wasserstoff wurde als sehr früh freigesetztes Gas identifiziert, so dass hier ggf. ein Ansatz für eine frühe Detektion von Gefahren möglich wäre. Es bestätigte sich zudem, dass die Menge der freigesetzten Gase vom Ladezustand der Batterie abhängt. Auch die Zellchemie und die Form der Zellen hat einen wichtigen  Einfluss auf das Brandverhalten. Insgesamt wurde festgestellt, dass die Gefahr einer Brandausbreitung durch Brände von Elektrofahrzeugen größer ist, da sie schwerer zu löschen sind (also länger brennen), Batterieteile weit umherfliegen können und es immer wieder zu Rückzündungen kommen kann. Dies gilt insbesondere für die enge Stausituation während einer Fähr-Überfahrt. Während des Brandes können zudem Gase und Abbrandprodukte entstehen, die sich von denen konventioneller Fahrzeuge unterscheiden. Einsatzkräfte müssen darauf vorbereitet sein.

Bewertung der Risiken für den Transport von abF auf RORO-Fährschiffen

Im Teilprojekt wurden strukturierte Statistiken zur Bewertung des Risikos durch alternativ betriebene Fahrzeuge auf RORO-Schiffen erarbeitet. Zunächst wurde eine Aufstellung von Unfällen mit Elektrofahrzeugen weltweit angefertigt, wobei das besondere Augenmerk darauf gelegt wurde, in welcher Situation ein Brand entstanden ist. Hauptsächlich gerieten E-Fahrzeugen während des Aufladens oder während des Parkens in Brand. Auch Unfälle sind eine wichtige Brandursache. Interessant, insbesondere im Zusammenhang mit der Flutkatastrophe 2021 ist, dass es in einigen Fällen auch durch Überflutung von Elektrofahrzeugen nachfolgend zu einem Brand kam. 

Eine weitere Statistik ermittelte, inwieweit die Gefahrensituation von außen (also vom Schiff oder vom Transportprozess) ausgehen kann, also welche Schiffshavarien auch Elektrofahrzeuge hätten derart beschädigen können, dass diese in Brand geraten würden. Als häufigste Schiffshavarie für Fährschiffe wurden Kollisionen, insbesondere mit Hafenanlagen, ermittelt. Dabei kam es auch immer wieder zur Beschädigung von Fahrzeugen. Auch schweres Wetter führte durch Ladungsverschiebung an Bord zuKurzbericht zu ALBERO, Teilprojekt des Institutes für Sicherheitstechnik / Schiffssicherheit e.V. massiven Beschädigungen von Fahrzeugen. Ein Brand auf einem Fahrzeugdeck ist auch eine wichtige Ursache für Folgebrände. Insgesamt ist die Gefahr von Folgebränden durch Schiffshavarien jedoch für Elektrofahrzeuge ähnlich groß wie für konventionelle Fahrzeuge. 

Besonderheiten ergeben sich bei der zusätzlichen Betrachtung eines Aufladens während der Fahrt. Hier wurden Situationen definiert, in denen ein Aufladen nicht gestattet werden sollte,  u.a. bei schwerem Wetter oder bei Transport von speziellem Gefahrgut auf dem gleichen Deck.

Overall objectives of the collaborative project

The overall objective of the project is to increase the safety of firefighters fighting hazards on board seagoing vessels in ports. Unlike in the case of accidents at sea, the shore-based fire brigades are deployed in the case of accidents on ships in ports. However, these fire brigades only have a basic nautical training. In principle, it is hardly possible to transfer land-based measures and systems to ship-based hazard control. The reasons for this are the very different spatial conditions on different classes of ships and the diversity of cargoes. In addition, there are situation-dependent conditions such as the manoeuvrability and stability of the ship (e.g. in the event of the ingress of extinguishing water), the steel environment, which has special properties, e.g. with regard to the development of heat, and the fact that, unlike in the case of a house fire, emergency forces have to make their way to the source of the fire in the opposite direction to the development of smoke when fighting the danger in the ship's hull. This creates an increased risk for the emergency services. In order to avoid damages and impairments, the project aims to increase the safety, efficiency and effectiveness of the emergency services with new technological developments. For this purpose, an innovative overall technological concept is being developed, which is composed of individual components. A constantly updating situation display system will be designed for the fire brigade's on-site operations management, which will be available to the fire brigade's operations management. On the one hand, depending on the type of ship, this is fed from a database to be developed with basic information such as fire-fighting equipment and safety systems available on board as well as the fire-fighting plan of the respective ship, technical ship data and access possibilities. On the other hand, it processes ship-specific cargo and dangerous goods data as well as passenger lists.

Results of the Institute for Safety Engineering / Ship Safety e.V.:

Analysis of shipwrecks, scenarios

In order to narrow down the type of information required, an analysis of shipping accidents in port areas was first carried out. The period under investigation was 2000-2016. Reports in the media as well as investigation reports by the competent authorities in Germany (BSU) and other countries were evaluated for the list. The data was classified according to the type of accident (fire, water pollution, leakage of hazardous substances, industrial accident, water ingress) and relevant aspects (type of ship, type of cargo, alarm chain, cause of the accident, measures, problems during operation, damage). A total of 390 accidents were recorded, most of which were incidents involving water pollution. In these incidents, the intervention of the fire brigades is usually not associated with an operation on board, so they were not examined in more detail in EFAS. A more detailed evaluation was made of 45 incidents that appeared to be of particular relevance. Based on the accident analysis, the scenarios "fire" and "hazardous substance leakage" were identified as particularly frequent on the one hand and as particularly relevant on the other.

Analysis of training content

A survey was conducted to find out which topics the fire brigades think should be trained more in the future. A comprehensive questionnaire was developed for the survey. The results showed that especially issues related to water ingress, evacuation of persons and the use of alternative fuels should be taught more frequently and intensively in further training courses. The reading and evaluation of ship plans for a quick preparation of bearings and planning of measures was also assessed as a necessary need for further training, similarly to questions related to communication between all parties involved and maritime English.

Development of teaching materials

Within the project, the "Handbook for fire brigades - emergency management on seagoing vessels" was produced - a compendium for fire brigades on the specific conditions on board and the special features of the safety systems on different types of ships. The book was presented to the Havariekommando, where it was rated as very good teaching material.

Furthermore, a deck model was made for the illustrative presentation of ship plans and for use in the preparation of situation pictures. An accident can thus be quickly illustrated and possible attack routes for the emergency forces can be discussed using the model. At the same time, the deck model can also be used for simulation games. For use in further education courses, an LNG bunker simulation model was built for practical practice of the courses of action before, during and after the bunkering of liquefied natural gas.

Overall objectives of the collaborative project

The transport sector employs over 10 million people in the EU. At the same time, transport is a social sector that is developing rapidly and is highly influenced by automation, electrification and greening, and therefore faces problems in filling its different areas with adequate and qualified personnel. This fact makes changes in training and education content, curricula, tools and methods absolutely imperative, incorporating lifelong learning aspects for professionals in all transport sectors. The vision of SKILLFUL is to identify the skills and competences needed by the transport workers of the future and to define the training methods and tools to fulfil them. For the above trends, employability through SKILLFUL will be closely linked to the future requirements for transport occupations for all transport modes and multimodal chains and for all levels/types of workers, while including and integrating all training modes in a balanced way.

Overall objectives of the collaborative project

Major emergencies in the maritime environment can occur at any time and affect a large number of people. While there are now tried and tested operational concepts for complex damage situations on land, this is not the case for the sea and port area.

A mass casualty incident at sea presents many special circumstances compared to land, such as difficult access for rescuers, distance, limited space, limited means of transport, especially in severe weather conditions.

Results of the Institute for Safety Engineering / Ship Safety e.V.:

Within the sub-project of the joint project KOMPASS, the Institute for Safety Technology / Ship Safety e.V. has developed and tested various approaches for making the management of an MANV at sea more effective, among other things with regard to

• Integration of the topic of MANV at sea into the medical refresher courses for ship's officers.
• the integration of offshore installations into an evacuation concept
• the creation and training of MANV concepts on passenger ships
• the expansion of the medical equipment on board specifically for MANVs

The concepts and results developed represent basic approaches that can be adapted for the concrete ships or authorities. An important project result is the general sensitisation of stakeholders to the issue.

Overall objectives of the collaborative project

The overall objective of the project was to support a complete, fast and safe evacuation of passenger ships by developing innovative concepts and technical solutions with special consideration of elderly and mobility-impaired persons. The concepts should increase the safety of people on passenger ships without restricting their freedom and personal rights.

Results of the Institute for Safety Engineering / Ship Safety e.V.:

The ISV e.V. sub-project focused on the areas of evacuation procedures and structural and technical support, especially for persons with limited mobility (PEM).

In an extensive field test with more than 150 people involved, different evacuation concepts were examined depending on the storage of the life jackets in the cabins or at the sample station. The results showed that, depending on the size of the ship, the structural conditions and the process organisation, a shorter total evacuation time can be expected if the life jackets are issued to the passengers at the sample station.

Interviews with the crew were conducted on the organisation and conditions of transporting PEM in emergency situations. In parallel, persons with limited mobility were interviewed about their support needs on board.